Justice Carpio evaluates President Duterte’s West Philippine Sea policies—including setting aside the Arbitral Award, limiting naval patrols, a verbal fishing agreement with China, and statements conceding Chinese control—arguing they contradict constitutional and international law and jeopardize Philippine sovereign rights.
Justice Carpio assesses the Philippines’ diplomatic approach to China, describing it as “unrequited love” that has failed to protect national interests in the West Philippine Sea and urging a principled, law‑based foreign policy instead.