Justice Antonio T. Carpio delivers a comprehensive lecture on defending Philippine sovereign rights in the West Philippine Sea, explaining UNCLOS, the 2016 arbitral ruling, and why China’s nine-dashed line has no basis in international law.
Justice Carpio explains why Subi Reef—though a low‑tide feature—is within the Philippines’ territorial sea because it lies within 12 nautical miles of Pag‑asa Island under the 2016 South China Sea Arbitral Award.